{"id":3596,"date":"2026-04-03T09:34:29","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T07:34:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/?p=3596"},"modified":"2026-04-04T10:14:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T08:14:35","slug":"comprendre-levolution-des-homicides-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/comprendre-levolution-des-homicides-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre l&rsquo;\u00e9volution des homicides en France"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>J&rsquo;ai vraiment l&rsquo;impression que la twittosph\u00e8re n&rsquo;a rien compris \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9volution inqui\u00e9tante des homicides en France. Avec ce billet, vous y verrez enfin plus clair sur le sujet. On va faire tr\u00e8s simple. Il n&rsquo;y a que quatre choses \u00e0 retenir&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le taux d&rsquo;homicide baisse partout en Europe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C&rsquo;est <em>normal<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il baisse beaucoup moins en France qu&rsquo;ailleurs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On a d\u00e9sormais un taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que dans 85% des pays europ\u00e9ens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le taux d&rsquo;homicide baisse partout en Europe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Commen\u00e7ons par le premier point&nbsp;: dans <em>tous<\/em> les pays europ\u00e9ens, il y a moins d&rsquo;homicides aujourd&rsquo;hui qu&rsquo;en 1990. Quelques exemples ci-dessous. Vous remarquerez au passage que la baisse observ\u00e9e en France est moins marqu\u00e9e qu&rsquo;ailleurs, on y reviendra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d87d4b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d87d4b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3597\" title=\"Le taux d'homicide en Europe est en baisse sur le temps long\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_01_le_taux_d_homicide_baisse_en_europe.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>En France, on peut m\u00eame trouver diff\u00e9rentes s\u00e9ries de donn\u00e9es sur un temps encore plus long. On observe ainsi une baisse structurelle des homicides depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970. Jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la r\u00e9cente hausse, dont on reparlera plus tard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d88252&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d88252\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3598\" title=\"Le taux d'homicide en France est en baisse sur le temps long\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_02_le_taux_d_homicide_et_en_baisse_en_france_sur_le_temps_long.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La baisse des homicides est <em>normale<\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est le sens de l&rsquo;Histoire. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est bien plus riche.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La scolarisation des jeunes a explos\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La population est beaucoup plus \u00e2g\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment imaginer que les homicides ne s&rsquo;effondrent pas en France, alors que notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est bien plus riche que dans les ann\u00e9es 1970&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le niveau de vie a doubl\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le PIB par habitant a doubl\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le rapport interd\u00e9cile, mesurant les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s, a en parall\u00e8le recul\u00e9 de 17%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d88759&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d88759\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"705\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_03_indicateurs_economiques_et_sociaux_en_france-1024x705.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3599\" title=\"Indicateurs \u00e9conomiques et sociaux en France\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_03_indicateurs_economiques_et_sociaux_en_france-1024x705.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_03_indicateurs_economiques_et_sociaux_en_france-300x207.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_03_indicateurs_economiques_et_sociaux_en_france-768x529.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_03_indicateurs_economiques_et_sociaux_en_france.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, l&rsquo;\u00e8re o\u00f9 plus d&rsquo;un ado sur trois sortait de l&rsquo;\u00e9cole sans dipl\u00f4me est r\u00e9volue. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970, le taux de \u00ab&nbsp;sorties pr\u00e9coces du syst\u00e8me scolaire&nbsp;\u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9 par 5&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d88b8f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d88b8f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"707\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_04_sorties_precoces_du_systeme_scolaire-1024x707.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3600\" title=\"Sorties pr\u00e9coces du syst\u00e8me scolaire\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_04_sorties_precoces_du_systeme_scolaire-1024x707.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_04_sorties_precoces_du_systeme_scolaire-300x207.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_04_sorties_precoces_du_systeme_scolaire-768x531.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_04_sorties_precoces_du_systeme_scolaire.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Notre population est aussi assagie par son vieillissement spectaculaire. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970, l&rsquo;\u00e2ge m\u00e9dian a augment\u00e9 de 11 ans (!), atteignant d\u00e9sormais 42 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d88fb2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d88fb2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"704\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_05_age_median_en_france-1024x704.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3601\" title=\"\u00c9volution de l'\u00e2ge m\u00e9dian en France\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_05_age_median_en_france-1024x704.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_05_age_median_en_france-300x206.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_05_age_median_en_france-768x528.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_05_age_median_en_france.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La liste des facteurs tirant \u00e0 la baisse les violences, dont les homicides, est trop longue pour que je la fasse en entier. On peut ajouter par exemple que la consommation d&rsquo;alcool a \u00e9t\u00e9 divis\u00e9e par 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d893c6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d893c6\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"705\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_06_consommation_d_alcool-1024x705.jpeg\" alt=\"\u00c9volution de la consommation d'alcool en France\" class=\"wp-image-3602\" title=\"\u00c9volution de la consommation d'alcool en France\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_06_consommation_d_alcool-1024x705.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_06_consommation_d_alcool-300x207.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_06_consommation_d_alcool-768x529.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_06_consommation_d_alcool.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ou encore que les technologies d&rsquo;alerte et de pr\u00e9vention ont progress\u00e9. Le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone portable est une vraie r\u00e9volution dans des contextes o\u00f9 chaque minutes avant l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e des secours peut faire gagner plusieurs pourcents de chances de survie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d897e7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d897e7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"703\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_07_technologies_d_alerte_et_de_prevention-1024x703.jpeg\" alt=\"Technologies d'alerte et de pr\u00e9vention&nbsp;: adoption du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile\" class=\"wp-image-3603\" title=\"Technologies d'alerte et de pr\u00e9vention&nbsp;: adoption du t\u00e9l\u00e9phone mobile\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_07_technologies_d_alerte_et_de_prevention-1024x703.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_07_technologies_d_alerte_et_de_prevention-300x206.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_07_technologies_d_alerte_et_de_prevention-768x527.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_07_technologies_d_alerte_et_de_prevention.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bref. Dans ce contexte, les homicides <em>doivent<\/em> s&rsquo;effondrer. Sans m\u00eame parler d&rsquo;une hausse des homicides, une simple stagnation serait d\u00e9j\u00e0 inqui\u00e9tante. Or, et c&rsquo;est <em>le<\/em> sujet d&rsquo;inqui\u00e9tude en France&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le taux d&rsquo;homicide baisse moins qu&rsquo;ailleurs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pire&nbsp;: il a m\u00eame tendance \u00e0 augmenter \u00e0 nouveau depuis quelques ann\u00e9es. Regardez, c&rsquo;est vraiment pr\u00e9occupant. Depuis 2009, le taux d&rsquo;homicide&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A baiss\u00e9 de 0,2 points en Europe occidentale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S&rsquo;est effondr\u00e9 de 0,8 points dans le reste de l&rsquo;Europe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A stagn\u00e9 en France.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d89c7f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d89c7f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"705\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_08_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-1024x705.jpeg\" alt=\"Une exception fran\u00e7aise&nbsp;: le taux d'homicide\" class=\"wp-image-3604\" title=\"Une exception fran\u00e7aise&nbsp;: le taux d'homicide\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_08_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-1024x705.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_08_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-300x207.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_08_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-768x529.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_08_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Et quand on regarde de plus pr\u00e8s, le taux d&rsquo;homicide est m\u00eame en augmentation en France. Entre 2020 et 2023, il a connu une hausse de 25%, qui fait figure d&rsquo;anomalie en Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d8a09b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d8a09b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-1024x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"La hausse des homicides en France depuis 2020 est une exception en Europe\" class=\"wp-image-3605\" title=\"La hausse des homicides en France depuis 2020 est une exception en Europe\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_09_taux_d_homicide_exception_francaise.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourquoi cette hausse&nbsp;? A partir des donn\u00e9es disponibles, on peut estimer qu&rsquo;environ 70% de l&rsquo;augmentation du nombre d&rsquo;homicides depuis 2020 est due \u00e0 l&rsquo;intensification de la guerre des gangs de narcotrafiquants. En fin de compte, la France est le deuxi\u00e8me pire pays d&rsquo;Europe occidentale en taux d&rsquo;homicide, juste derri\u00e8re la Belgique. Avec un taux 2 fois sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de l&rsquo;Italie, et presque 2 fois sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 celui de l&rsquo;Espagne&nbsp;!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d8a4b4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d8a4b4\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"905\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_01_taux_d_homicide_en_europe_2023-905x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"Taux d'homicide en Europe en 2023\" class=\"wp-image-3406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_01_taux_d_homicide_en_europe_2023-905x1024.jpeg 905w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_01_taux_d_homicide_en_europe_2023-265x300.jpeg 265w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_01_taux_d_homicide_en_europe_2023-768x869.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_01_taux_d_homicide_en_europe_2023.jpeg 1060w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 905px) 100vw, 905px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9largissons \u00e0 l&rsquo;ensemble des pays europ\u00e9ens suivis par Eurostat&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La France a un taux d&rsquo;homicide plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que dans 85% des pays europ\u00e9ens&nbsp;!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69d2928d8a8cb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69d2928d8a8cb\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"705\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_11_taux_d_homicide_en_europe-1024x705.jpeg\" alt=\"Classement des taux d'homicide en Europe\" class=\"wp-image-3416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_11_taux_d_homicide_en_europe-1024x705.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_11_taux_d_homicide_en_europe-300x207.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_11_taux_d_homicide_en_europe-768x529.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/29_11_taux_d_homicide_en_europe.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Agrandir\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t\n<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Rappelons qu&rsquo;il y a 10 ans, la situation \u00e9tait bien diff\u00e9rente&nbsp;: la France se situait alors en milieu de tableau. L&rsquo;\u00e9volution est impressionnante, la France devient l&rsquo;un des pays les plus dangereux d&rsquo;Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"704\" src=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_10_evolution_france_classement_des_taux_d_homicide-1024x704.jpeg\" alt=\"\u00c9volution de la France au classement des homicides en Europe\" class=\"wp-image-3606\" title=\"\u00c9volution de la France au classement des homicides en Europe\" srcset=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_10_evolution_france_classement_des_taux_d_homicide-1024x704.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_10_evolution_france_classement_des_taux_d_homicide-300x206.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_10_evolution_france_classement_des_taux_d_homicide-768x528.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/32_10_evolution_france_classement_des_taux_d_homicide.jpeg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L&rsquo;\u00e9volution du taux d&rsquo;homicide est en trompe-l&rsquo;\u0153il.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La tendance semble satisfaisante \u00e0 premi\u00e8re vue.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compte tenu du contexte, c&rsquo;est d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9cevant.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Et quand on se compare, \u00e7a devient alarmant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Non, le nombre d&rsquo;homicides n&rsquo;explose pas en France. Non, la France n&rsquo;est pas devenue le Mexique, comme je le rappelle souvent. Mais\u2026 <a href=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/2026\/01\/09\/les-homicides-en-france\/\">la France est en effet devenue l&rsquo;un des pays les plus dangereux d&rsquo;Europe<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourquoi \u00e9choue-t-on \u00e0 faire baisser notre taux d&rsquo;homicide comme c&rsquo;est le cas chez nos voisins&nbsp;? Pourquoi accepter de devenir l&rsquo;un des pays les plus dangereux d&rsquo;Europe&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>J&rsquo;esp\u00e8re que ce billet permettra d&rsquo;alerter les politiques de tous bords sur le sujet. S&rsquo;il vous a int\u00e9ress\u00e9 et que vous le lisez encore, c&rsquo;est d\u00e9j\u00e0 une premi\u00e8re victoire. Surtout, diffusez au maximum ce billet pour alerter sur le sujet. Il est temps de mobiliser le d\u00e9bat politique, et de dissiper toutes les incompr\u00e9hensions sur ce th\u00e8me.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J&rsquo;ai vraiment l&rsquo;impression que la twittosph\u00e8re n&rsquo;a rien compris \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9volution inqui\u00e9tante des homicides en France. Avec ce billet, vous y verrez enfin plus clair sur le sujet. On va faire tr\u00e8s simple. Il n&rsquo;y a que quatre choses \u00e0 retenir&nbsp;: Le taux d&rsquo;homicide baisse partout en Europe Commen\u00e7ons par&hellip;<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"excerpt-readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/2026\/04\/03\/comprendre-levolution-des-homicides-en-france\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"twitterCardType":"","cardImageID":0,"cardImage":"","cardTitle":"","cardDesc":"","cardImageAlt":"","cardPlayer":"","cardPlayerWidth":0,"cardPlayerHeight":0,"cardPlayerStream":"","cardPlayerCodec":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[38,37],"class_list":["post-3596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faits","tag-criminalite","tag-marc-vanguard","odd"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3596"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3614,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3596\/revisions\/3614"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/leseffrontes.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}